A three-dimensional finite-element model of gluteus medius muscle incorporating inverse-dynamics-based optimization for simulation of non-uniform muscle contraction

Non-uniform contraction exists in many skeletal muscles and plays an important role the function of musculoskeletal system. Particularly gluteus medius (GM) muscle, its three subdivisions appear activated differently while performing various motion tasks. However, non-uniform contractile mechanism GM is poorly understood. In this study, a three-dimensional finite element (FE) model was developed. patterns during abduction, internal external rotation were simulated through inverse-dynamics-based optimization approach. A set sensitivity studies also undertaken to evaluate influence parameters including cost dimension on predicted biomechanics muscle. Contraction across found be highly motions. The whole whereas only anterior posterior primarily involved rotation, respectively. active stress subdivision abduction increased if proportion expanded. functions minimizing sum stresses squared/cubed provide similar qualitative predictions trend results. This approach provides methodological basis enable simulation muscle using 3D models.